[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.krahula.cz\/kretschmerova-teorie-temperamentu\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.krahula.cz\/kretschmerova-teorie-temperamentu\/","headline":"Kretschmerova teorie temperamentu","name":"Kretschmerova teorie temperamentu","description":"N\u011bmeck\u00fd l\u00e9ka\u0159 a psychiatr Ernst Kretschmer (1888-1964) se v\u00a0roce 1921 publikov\u00e1n\u00edm sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce s\u00a0n\u00e1zvem \u201eK\u00f6rperbau und Charakter\u201c nesmazateln\u011b zapsal do historie psychologie. I kdy\u017e je jeho teorie nev\u011bdeck\u00e1 a jde de facto \u201epouze\u201c o soubor autorov\u00fdch post\u0159eh\u016f a my\u0161lenek bez pevn\u00e9 opory v\u00a0jin\u00e9m odv\u011btv\u00ed v\u011bdy, jist\u011b si mnoz\u00ed z\u00a0v\u00e1s na konci t\u011bchto \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f \u0159eknou \u201eV\u017edy\u0165 […]","datePublished":"2021-09-13","dateModified":"2023-05-31","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.krahula.cz\/author\/devene\/#Person","name":"devene","url":"https:\/\/www.krahula.cz\/author\/devene\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/82449f5dd313bdc88befc1a2d3138ce45c5e7d5eeee84221e3cf7fbc184b80d3?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/82449f5dd313bdc88befc1a2d3138ce45c5e7d5eeee84221e3cf7fbc184b80d3?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"krahula.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.krahula.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/patient-6139182_960_720.png","url":"https:\/\/www.krahula.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/patient-6139182_960_720.png","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.krahula.cz\/kretschmerova-teorie-temperamentu\/","about":["V\u011bda"],"wordCount":399,"articleBody":"N\u011bmeck\u00fd l\u00e9ka\u0159 a psychiatr Ernst Kretschmer (1888-1964) se v\u00a0roce 1921 publikov\u00e1n\u00edm sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce s\u00a0n\u00e1zvem \u201eK\u00f6rperbau und Charakter\u201c nesmazateln\u011b zapsal do historie psychologie. I kdy\u017e je jeho teorie nev\u011bdeck\u00e1 a jde de facto \u201epouze\u201c o soubor autorov\u00fdch post\u0159eh\u016f a my\u0161lenek bez pevn\u00e9 opory v\u00a0jin\u00e9m odv\u011btv\u00ed v\u011bdy, jist\u011b si mnoz\u00ed z\u00a0v\u00e1s na konci t\u011bchto \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f \u0159eknou \u201eV\u017edy\u0165 takov\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka zn\u00e1m!\u201c.Kretschmerova teorie rozd\u011bluje lidi, respektive jejich temperament (tj. \u201edynamika\u201c psychiky jedince, ur\u010duje m\u00edru pro\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed emoc\u00ed a stabilitu chov\u00e1n\u00ed) na 3 skupiny a to v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 z\u00e1vislosti na fyzick\u00e9 stavb\u011b posuzovan\u00e9 osoby. Pr\u00e1v\u011b fyzick\u00e1 str\u00e1nka \u010dlov\u011bka dle Kretschmera \u00fazce souvis\u00ed s\u00a0jeho str\u00e1nkou psychickou. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 z\u00a0t\u011bchto t\u0159\u00ed skupin mimo jin\u00e9 zhruba odpov\u00edd\u00e1 rys\u016fm jednotliv\u00fdch osobnost\u00ed dle nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed teorie temperamentu \u2013 Hippokratovy teorie \u010dty\u0159 t\u011bln\u00edch tekutin (ta rozd\u011bluje lidi na melancholiky, sangviniky, choleriky a flegmatiky).Astenick\u00fd typ (Astenik)Astenik se vyzna\u010duje vysokou a \u0161t\u00edhlou a\u017e vychrtlou postavou bez vypracovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed muskulatury, co\u017e p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 neodpov\u00edd\u00e1 ide\u00e1lu kr\u00e1sy, a m\u00e1 to tak \u00fadajn\u011b za n\u00e1sledek jeho typickou n\u00e1ladovost, \u010dast\u00e9 n\u00e1valy pesimismu, uzav\u0159enost a absenci smyslu pro humor, typov\u011b odpov\u00edd\u00e1 melancholikovi. Pyknick\u00fd typ (Pyknik) Pyknik je opa\u010dn\u00fdm extr\u00e9mem proti astenick\u00e9mu typu. Postava pyknika je n\u00edzk\u00e1, zavalit\u00e1 a\u017e ob\u00e9zn\u00ed, typick\u00e9 jsou i \u0161irok\u00e9 boky. Tito lid\u00e9 jsou nej\u010dast\u011bji velmi otev\u0159en\u00ed, empati\u010dt\u00ed, mil\u00ed, spole\u010den\u0161t\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 velmi citov\u011b labiln\u00ed, jejich city rychle zanikaj\u00ed i vznikaj\u00ed, ze v\u0161ech typ\u016f tak\u00e9 \u00fadajn\u011b nej\u010dast\u011bji trp\u00ed na psychick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, zejm\u00e9na deprese. Pyknik typov\u011b odpov\u00edd\u00e1 sangvinikovi a cholerikovi. \u00a0Atletick\u00fd typ (Atletik)Atletik je v\u00a0r\u00e1mci Kretschmerovy teorie jak\u00fdmsi ide\u00e1lem \u2013 postava atletika je sportovn\u00ed, s\u00a0vyvinutou muskulaturou. Atletik je tak\u00e9 obecn\u011b velmi odoln\u00fd v\u016f\u010di v\u0161em nemocem, a to v\u010detn\u011b psychick\u00fdch, je realista se stabiln\u00edmi emocemi, rozumn\u00fd a klidn\u00fd. Typov\u011b odpov\u00edd\u00e1 flegmatikovi. \u00a0\u00a0Uzn\u00e1v\u00e1te, \u017ee je na t\u00e9to teorii aspo\u0148 n\u011bco m\u00e1lo pravdiv\u00e9ho? Doktor Kretschmer by byl jist\u011b nad\u0161en\u00fd z\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9ho souhlasu, mnoz\u00ed z\u00a0v\u011bdeck\u00e9 obce toti\u017e nad jeho d\u00edlem dodnes krout\u00ed hlavou. \u00a0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Kretschmerova teorie temperamentu","item":"https:\/\/www.krahula.cz\/kretschmerova-teorie-temperamentu\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]